Back to: Jss1 Basic Science (BST)

Since the beginning of time, people have been curious about the sky, the moon, and the stars. We now know a lot about the universe and other objects in space.

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The solar system is made up of the sun and all the objects that orbit around it. The main things that go around the sun are the planets and their moons. There are also asteroids, comets, and meteoroids in the solar system.

THE PLANETS

Mercury is the planet that is closest to the sun. It is also the smallest. Then come Venus, Earth, Mass, Jupiter (the biggest planet), Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. About 12 billion kilometers separate the different parts of the solar system.

The nine planet

Mercury

This is the fastest planet in the solar system. It is the planet closest to the Sun and moves around the Sun in 88 Earth days. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, but, maybe surprisingly, it is not the hottest.

Venus

This is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth biggest. Mercury and Venus are the only planets that don’t have any moons. Even though Mercury is closer to the sun, Venus is the hottest planet.

Earth

This is the third rock from the sun and the only planet known to have life on it, and there is a lot of it. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and has the highest density of all the planets in the Solar System. At the moment, it is the only place where life is known to exist.

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet with the thinnest atmosphere. Its surface features look like both the impact craters on the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps on Earth. It is the planet where people look for life the most.

Jupiter 

Jupiter is named after Jupiter, the most important Roman god, who is the same as Zeus in Greek mythology. Jupiter is one of the five planets that can be seen (the others are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Saturn). It is the fifth most distant from the Sun, with an average distance of 5.2 AU. It is closest to the Sun at 4.9 AU and farthest at 5.4 AU.

Saturn 

This is the sixth planet from the sun and has the biggest rings of all the planets in the solar system. It is the second-largest planet after Jupiter. Recently, more moons were found for it than for Jupiter, so it is now considered to have the most satellites on any planet.

Uranus 

This is the seventh planet from the Sun and is about 1.8 billion miles (2.9 billion km) away. This is also true of Venus, but Uranus is the only planet that is known to spin on its side. Uranus’s trip around the Sun is the longest of all the planets in the solar system, taking 84 years.

Neptune 

This is the farthest and fourth-biggest planet in the Solar System. It has the strongest winds of all the planets. It is the smallest of the gas giants, and in 1846, mathematicians predicted that it would be the first planet to be found.

Pluto 

Pluto is the most distant planet from the sun and the smallest planet.

Rotation and Revolution of The Earth and Moon

The Earth

The earth is the third planet from the sun, and it is the only known planet in the universe where there are living things. The earth has water, which, along with oxygen, helps to keep life going.

Because the earth doesn’t make light, it is said to be non-luminous.

The stars and the sun, on the other hand, are called “luminous” because they give off light.

The moon is the only satellite that the earth has. The earth is the centre of the moon’s orbit. The way the earth rotates on its axis makes day and night.

THE SUN

The sun is the biggest star in the universe and gives light and heat to all planets. The sun doesn’t spin around. The seasons change because the Earth goes around the sun. It takes about 365 days for the earth to go around the sun. The sun does not have any water or air.

Right now, about 70% of the sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen, and 28% is made up of helium. The rest, or “metals,” make up less than 2%. This slowly changes over time as the Sun’s core changes hydrogen into helium. By Earth’s standards, the sun’s magnetic field is very strong and complicated. Its magnetosphere, which is also called the heliosphere, goes far past Pluto.

The Sun is the center of our solar system, and its gravity is what keeps all the planets and other objects in their orbits. This yellow dwarf star is one of the billions just like it in the Milky Way galaxy. Our Sun is a normal main-sequence G2 star. It is one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy.

Our Sun is a normal main-sequence G2 star. It is one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy.

THE MOON

The moon is the only object that orbits the earth that rotates on its own axis. The moon reflects light from the sun and shines its own light on the earth. The moon is dark and has no living things on it.

Description of Eclipse, Climate, and Seasons

Eclipse of the sun

This happens when the moon moves between the sun and the earth and all three are in a straight line.

Eclipse of the moon

It happens when the earth is between the sun and the moon and they are all in a straight line.

Note: There is nothing like the eclipse of the earth.

Climate and Season

The climate and seasons of the year are set by how the moon moves around the earth, how the earth moves around the moon, and how the earth moves around the sun. It took the Moon 29 days to rotate and revolve around the Earth, and it took the Earth 365 days to rotate and revolve around the Sun.

Climate

Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time.

Weather

This is the state of the atmosphere at a certain place and time. Changes that happen at different times of the day and in different places are also part of it.

Season

A season is a time of the year that has its own unique qualities, like the rainy season or the dry season.

In the northern and southern regions, there are: 

Spring

It is the first of the four seasons and lasts from the vernal equinox, which happens around March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, to the summer solstice (around June 21). This is when most species reproduce

Summer 

This is the second of the four seasons, and the days are usually the longest and hottest during this time. usually considered to be from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in some parts of the United States; June, July, and August in the United Kingdom, and December, January, and February in the southern hemisphere.

Autumn

It is the third of the four seasons when deciduous trees lose their leaves. It is usually thought to last from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the northern hemisphere, and from March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere.

Winter 

This is the fourth season, and it usually lasts from December 23 to March 20 in the northern hemisphere, or June, July, and August in the southern hemisphere. This is when the sun is at its lowest point in the sky, so the days are short and it’s usually cold. This is when most species reproduce

Seasons in Nigeria

there are only two seasons in Nigeria:

a) The Rainy Season: This is the part of the year when it rains the most.

b) The dry season is when it rains little or not at all.

Day and Night

The sun gives heat and light to the earth. The shape of the earth is a sphere. When the earth rotates on its axis around the sun, part of its surface is in the sun and the rest is in the dark. The part that is in the light has days, while the part that is in the dark has nights.